Potential Effect Research Articles

Effective potential and vacuum stability in the Litim-Sannino model

We revisit the scalar potential in the Litim-Sannino model. We compute for the first time the full quantum corrections to the classical potential and show that they significantly ameliorate the stability analysis at the UV fixed point. The quantum effective potential is computed at two-loop order and the numerical precision is further improved using resummations and parameter optimisations. As a result, we find a consistent widening of the UV conformal window across various approximations.

Revisiting O(N) σ model at unphysical pion masses and high temperatures

Roy-equation analysis on lattice data of ππ scattering phase shifts at mπ=391 MeV reveals that the lowest f0 meson becomes a bound state under this condition. In addition, there is a pair of complex poles below threshold generated by crossing symmetry [X.-H. Cao , ]. We use the N/D method to partially recover crossing symmetry of the O(N) σ model amplitude at leading order of 1/N expansion, and qualitatively reproduce the pole structure and pole trajectories with varying pion masses as revealed by Roy-equation analyses. The σ pole trajectory with varying temperature is also discussed and found to be similar to its properties when varying mπ. As the temperature increases, the complex σ poles firstly move from the second Riemann sheet to the real axis becoming two virtual state poles, and then one virtual state pole moves to the first sheet turning into a bound state pole and finally tends to the pion pole position at high temperature which is as expected from the chiral symmetry restoration. Our results provide further evidence that the lowest f0 state extracted from experiments and lattice data plays the role of the σ meson in the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. Finally, we also briefly discuss the problems of the effective potential in the situation when mπ and the temperature become large. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

VR23 and Bisdemethoxycurcumin Enhanced Nanofiber Niche with Durable Bidirectional Functions for Promoting Wound Repair and Inhibiting Scar Formation.

Chronic wounds pose a significant clinical challenge worldwide, which is characterized by impaired tissue regeneration and excessive scar formation due to over-repair. Most studies have focused on developing wound repair materials that either facilitate the healing process or control hyperplastic scars caused by over-repair, respectively. However, there are limited reports on wound materials that can both promote wound healing and prevent scar hyperplasia at the same time. In this study, VR23-loaded dendritic mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles (dMBG) are synthesized and electrospun in poly(ester-curcumin-urethane)urea (PECUU) random composite nanofibers (PCVM) through the synergistic effects of physical adsorption, hydrogen bond, and electrospinning. The physicochemical characterization reveals that PCVM presented matched mechanical properties, suitable porosity, and wettability, and enabled sustained and temporal release of VR23 and BDC with the degradation of PCVM. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PCVM can modulate the functions and polarization of macrophages under an inflammatory environment, and possess effective anti-scarring potential and reliable cytocompatibility. Animal studies further confirmed that PCVM can efficiently promote re-epithelialization and angiogenesis and reduce excessive inflammation, thereby remarkably accelerating wound healing while preventing potential scarring. These findings suggest that the prepared PCVM holds promise as a bidirectional regulatory dressing for effectively promoting scar-free healing of chronic wounds.

Effective potential between static sources in quenched light-front Yukawa theory

We compute a nonperturbative effective potential between two static fermions in light-front Yukawa theory as a Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem. Fermion pair production is suppressed, to make possible an exact analytic solution in the form of a coherent state of bosons that form clouds around the sources. The effective potential is essentially an interference term between individual clouds. The model is regulated with Pauli-Villars bosons and fermions, to achieve consistent quantization and renormalization of masses and couplings. This extends earlier work on scalar Yukawa theory where Pauli-Villars regularization did not play a central role. The key result is that the nonperturbative solution restores rotational symmetry even though the light-front formulation of Yukawa theory, with its preferred axis, appears antithetical to such a symmetry. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Transferable local density-dependent friction in tert-butanol/water mixtures.

Coarse-grained (CG) models informed from molecular dynamics simulations provide a way to represent the structure of an underlying all-atom (AA) model by deriving an effective interaction potential. However, this leads to a speed-up in dynamics due to the lost friction, which is especially pronounced in CG implicit solvent models. Applying a thermostat based on the Langevin equation (LE) provides a way to represent the long-time dynamics of CG particles by reintroducing friction to the system. To improve the representability CG models of heterogeneous molecular mixtures and their transferability over the mixture compositions, we parameterize an LE thermostat in which the friction coefficient depends on the local particle density (LD). The thermostat friction was iteratively optimized with a Markovian variant of the recently introduced Iterative Optimization of Memory Kernels (IOMK) method. We simulated tert-butanol/water mixtures over a range of compositions, which show a distinct clustering behavior. Our model with LD-dependent friction reproduces the AA diffusion coefficients well over the full range of mixtures and is, therefore, transferable with respect to dynamics.

Two-dimensional quantum droplets in binary quadrupolar condensates

Abstract We study the stability and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) quasi-isotropic quantum droplets (QDs) of fundamental and vortex types, formed by binary Bose-Einstein condensate with magnetic quadrupole-quadrupole interactions (MQQIs). The magnetic quadrupoles are built as pairs of dipoles and antidipoles polarized along the x-axis. The MQQIs are induced by applying an external magnetic field that varies along the x-axis. The system is modeled by the Gross-Pitaevskii equations including the MQQIs and Lee-Huang-Yang correction to the mean-field approximation. Stable 2D fundamental QDs and quasi-isotropic vortex QDs with topological charges S ≤ 4 are produced by means of the imaginary-time-integration method for configurations with the quadrupoles polarized parallel to the system’s two-dimensional plane. Effects of the norm and MQQI strength on the QDs are studied in detail. Some results, including an accurate prediction of the effective area, chemical potential, and peak density of QDs, are obtained in an analytical form by means of the Thomas-Fermi approximation. Collisions between moving QDs are studied by means of systematic simulations.

Mode recombination formula and nonanalytic term in an effective potential at finite temperature on a compactified space

We develop a new formula called a mode recombination formula, and we can recast the effective potential at finite temperature in one-loop approximation for fermion and scalar fields on the D-dimensional spacetime, Sτ1×RD−(p+1)×∏i=1pSi1 into a convenient form for discussing nonanalytic terms, which cannot be written in the form of any positive integer power of the field-dependent mass squared, in the effective potential. The formula holds irrespective of whether the field is a fermion or a scalar and of boundary conditions for spatial Si1 directions and clarifies the importance of zero modes in the Matsubara and Kaluza-Klein modes for the existence of the nonanalytic terms. The effective potential is drastically simplified further to obtain the nonanalytic terms in easier and more transparent way. In addition to reproducing previous results, we find that there exists no nonanalytic term for the fermion field with arbitrary boundary condition for the spatial Si1 direction, which is also the case for the scalar field with the antiperiodic boundary condition for the spatial direction. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Phases of Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons

We study the vacuum dynamics of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) for SO(N + 1) → SO(N) spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking. We determine the magnitude of explicit symmetry breaking consistent with an EFT description of the effective potential at zero and finite temperatures. We expose and clarify novel additional vacuum transitions that can arise for generic pNGBs below the initial scale of SO(N + 1) → SO(N) spontaneous symmetry breaking, which may have phenomenological relevance. In this respect, two phenomenological scenarios are analyzed: thermal and supercooled dark sector pNGBs. In the thermal scenario the vacuum transition is first-order but very weak. For a supercooled dark sector we find that, depending on the sign of the explicit symmetry breaking, one can have a symmetry-restoring vacuum transition SO(N – 1) → SO(N) which can be strongly first-order, with a detectable stochastic gravitational wave background signal.

Inflation in simple one-loop effective potentials of perturbative quantum gravity

Inflation in simple one-loop effective potentials of perturbative quantum gravity

Greybody factors, quasi-normal modes and thermal fluctuations of quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence

In this study, we examine the effects of a quintessence field-enclosed Schwarzschild black hole that has undergone quantum corrections on a number of different physical phenomena. The effective potential and its graphical features across different values of the quantum correction and quintessence field as well as relevant physical parameters are analyzed by deriving the radial equation from the Klein–Gordon equation and converting it into a Schrodinger wave equation using the tortoise coordinate. Both the event and cosmic horizons are found in the solutions to the radial equation. We provide a detailed analysis of the greybody component and its behavior by merging these solutions in the intermediate regime. By analyzing the black hole metric function, effective potential, and absorption probabilities, the study uncovers the complex relationship between black hole characteristics, quantum corrections, and the surrounding quintessence field. Investigating the BH’s quasinormal modes and thermal fluctuations provides insights into its stability as well as thermodynamic properties. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how the black hole interacts with its environment and responds to environmental changes, shedding light on the rich dynamics of black hole systems in the presence of quantum corrections and quintessence fields.

Statistical theory of fluids confined in quenched disordered porous media.

We develop a theory to calculate structural correlations and thermodynamic properties of a fluid confined in a random porous solid medium (matrix). We used density functional formalism to derive an annealed averaged expression for the density profile and excess free energy of fluid arising due to random fields of a particular realization of the matrix. After performing the second average over the quenched-disordered variables, the excess free energy is organized to give one- and two-body potentials for fluid particles. The average over disorder reduces the system to an effective one-component system of fluid in which particles feel one-body (external) potential and interact via effective pair potential. The effective pair potential is a sum of the bare (the one in the pure fluid) and the matrix-induced potential. The resulting partition function involves only fluid variables. Equations are derived for fluid-fluid and fluid-matrix correlation functions and for free energy, pressure, and chemical potential of the fluid. The theory is applied to a model system of hard spheres and results for the effective pair potential, correlation functions, and thermodynamic properties are reported. The effective pair potential is found to be attractive at the contact and develops a repulsive peak before decaying to zero. Results for pair correlation function and structure factor are compared with simulation results for several fluid densities at two matrix densities. In all the cases, a very good agreement has been found.

Outcome comparison of minimally invasive proximal and distal chevron Akin osteotomies in patients with severe hallux valgus deformity: A randomized prospective study.

To date, the surgical treatment of severe hallux valgus deformity remains challenging despite the various methods presented. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of minimally invasive distal chevron Akin osteotomies (d-MICA) and minimally invasive proximal chevron Akin osteotomies (p-MICA) in correcting severe hallux valgus deformities. This prospective follow-up study included patients randomly assigned to undergo p-MICA or d-MICA for hallux valgus deformities with a preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) ≥ 40° and/or a first to second intermetatarsal angle (IMA) ≥ 16°. After a minimum follow-up period of twoyears, we compared various clinico-radiographic parameters of patients whose HVA exceeded 15° at the final follow-up. In the p-MICA and d-MICA groups, seven of 40 cases (17.5%) and 16 of 41 cases (39.0%), respectively, exhibited HVA > 15° at the final follow-up (P = 0.048). The preoperative parameters showed no significant differences. However, at the first weight-bearing assessment, the HVA, IMA, and relative second metatarsal length were significantly smaller, and the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) was greater in the p-MICA group (all P < 0.05) compared with the d-MICA group. Postoperatively, both groups exhibited significant decreases in HVA and IMA at the final follow-up (P < 0.001 for all parameters). The p-MICA group showed no significant changes in DMAA and the relative length of the second metatarsal (P = 0.253 and 0.185, respectively). However, the d-MICA group showed a significant decrease in DMAA (P < 0.001) and an increase in the relative length of the second metatarsal at the final follow-up (P = 0.01). p-MICA and d-MICA procedures demonstrated effective correction potential for severe hallux valgus deformities; however, the d-MICA procedure exhibited a notably higher incidence of unsatisfactory correction at the final follow-up than p-MICA. Therefore, d-MICA may be less predictable in achieving successful outcomes than p-MICA in treating severe hallux valgus deformities.

Three-dimensional stellar orbits due to off-centered dark matter halo at the center of the disc galaxies

Stellar orbits and the evolution of galaxies are intertwined processes that have long-term implications on each other. This paper studies how stellar orbits at the galaxy’s central region are disturbed by an asymmetric dark matter halo potential. Evidence from the observations and simulations in the Milky Way type galaxy suggests that the center of the dark matter halo could be off-centered by a few parsecs concerning the center of the core. The equations of motion of stars in the core of galaxies are expressed in terms of three-dimensional perturbed potential arising from the offset halo. The central region’s azimuthal variation in the effective potential is obtained and the first-order epicyclic theory is used to solve for the orbits. The magnitude of this perturbation potential grows at small radii and exhibits m=1 azimuthal fluctuations. In the central region, within 3 kpc radius, even a small halo offset of 300 pc can cause a surprisingly strong spatial and kinematical lopsidedness. A planar orbit, initially assumed to be in disc plane, tends to leave the plane giving rise to non-planar configuration. Furthermore, as long as the halo offset persists, the central region will stay lopsided. The dark matter halo would significantly impact the dynamic development of this region and could help fuel the active galactic nucleus.

Quasi-periodic oscillations and particle motion around charged black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings and quintessence field in Rastall gravity

This work mainly focuses on unveiling the particle dynamics features of black holes. For this objective, we utilize the charged black hole geometry consisting of the cloud strings and quintessence under the ansatz of Rastall gravity. We have calculated and analyzed the effective potential, angular momentum, particle energy, horizon radius, inner stable circular orbit, photon sphere radius, quasi-periodic oscillations, and effective force to reveal the dynamical features. We in detail discussed the effects of charge in black hole, Rastall parameter, strings of cloud parameter, and quintessential parameter on the calculated results. To ensure the scenario of accelerated expansion, ω q lies in the range −1 < ω q < −1/3. From this specific range, we choose ω q = −2/3.

Dynamics and Stability via Thin‐Shell of Approximated Black Holes in f(Q)$f(\mathbb {Q})$ Gravity

AbstractThe current study is devoted to exploring the geometrical configuration of a thin‐shell in the background of symmetric teleparallel gravity. For this purpose, the well‐known cut‐and‐paste approach by matching the inner flat and outer newly calculated class of approximated black hole (BH) solutions in symmetric teleparallel gravity are considered, i.e., uncharged, charged, and anti‐de‐Sitter BHs. The dynamical analysis of thin‐shell configuration by adopting the massive and massless scalar field via Klein‐Gordon's equation of motion is discussed. The effective potential and proper time derivative of shell radius for both massive and massless scalar shells are used to discuss the collapse, expansion, and oscillatory behavior. The stable configuration of thin‐shell is observed through the linearized radial perturbation approach with a phantomlike equation of state, i.e., quintessence, dark energy, and phantom energy. It is noted that stable/unstable behavior of thin‐shell is found after the expected position of the event horizon of an exterior manifold. It is concluded that the stability of a thin‐shell is greater for BH with cosmological constant as compared to the uncharged and charged  BHs.

Deuteron breakup effects on the d + 12C, 15N, 16O, 24Mg, 32S, 58Ni, and 70Ge elastic scattering angular distributions

Motivated by the well-known n + p cluster structure of deuterons, which appears at breakup threshold energy of 2.225 MeV, the angular distributions (ADs) for elastically scattered deuterons from various targets, namely, 12C, 15N, 16O, 24Mg, 32S, 58Ni, and 70Ge at different energies, are investigated microscopically within the continuum discretized coupled channel (CDCC) method as well as an effective potential (Ueff), considered as the sum of cluster folding and dynamical polarization potentials. The Ueff potentials were employed successfully to reproduce the elastic ADs data for the considered systems in a wide range of energies. The investigation gives evidence for the applicability of the Ueff in describing the ADs data for many nuclear systems.

Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid

In this study, we focus on a black hole immersed in a cosmological Chaplygin-like dark fluid (CDF), characterized by the equation of state p = -B/ρ and an additional parameter q influencing the energy density of the fluid. We investigate the geodesic structure, shadow, and optical appearance of such a black hole. Through analysis on the effective potential and the epicyclic frequencies, it is found that the existence of innermost/outermost stable circular orbits for a timelike particle is governed by the CDF parameters. The behaviors of the orbital conserved quantities and Keplerian frequency are also examined. Due to the existence of pseudo-cosmological horizon, the determination of the shadow radius depends significantly on the position of the observer. By placing the static observer at an approximately flat position between the event and pseudo-cosmological horizons, we constrain the CDF parameters using EHT observations. We investigate the effect of CDF on the shadows and optical images of the black hole, surrounded by various profiles of accretions. For the thin disk accretion, the light trajectories are categorized into direct emission, lensing ring, and photon ring based on impact parameters. Due to the existence of outermost stable circular orbits, outer edges could exist in the direct and lensing ring images. The observed brightness is mainly due to direct emission, with a minor contribution from the lensing ring, while the contribution from the photon ring is negligible due to extreme demagnetization. In the case of spherical accretion, we consider both static and infalling accretion models. The images obtained under infalling accretion are slightly darker than those under static accretion, attributed to the Doppler effect. Throughout the study, we analyze the influence of the parameters B and q on the results.

Oral beta-hydroxybutyrate alleviates COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lung complication of COVID-19 that requires intensive care and ventilation. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body that can modulate metabolism and inflammation in immune cells and lung tissues. We hypothesized that oral BHB could alleviate COVID-19 related ARDS by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. MethodsWe randomized 75 patients with mild (as per Berlin criteria) ARDS symptoms to receive oral 25 g twice daily or placebo for five days. The primary outcome was the change in pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, interleukin-18, tumour necrosis factor-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-10) from baseline to day 5. The secondary outcomes were the change in BHB levels from baseline to day 5, the number of hospitalization days, and the occurrence of adverse events. ResultsTreatment with formulated BHB resulted in a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines; Interleukin-1β (p = 0.0204), Interleukin-6 (p = 0.0309), interleukin-18 (p = 0.0116), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (p = 0.0489) and increase in interleukin-10 (p = 0.0246) compared treatment with placebo. Importantly, higher BHB levels (p = 0.0001) were observed after supplementation; additionally, patients who underwent this approach were hospitalized for fewer days. No serious adverse events were reported. ConclusionBeta-hydroxybutyrate, an oral adjunct therapy, has shown promising results in ameliorating symptoms of ARDS. This includes reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased patient fatigue levels. Further study with a large sample size is warranted to assess the potential of BHB therapy's effectiveness in reducing the development of severe illness. Clinical trial registration(http://ctri.nic.in/CTRI/2021/03/031790)

Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Hinokiflavone in Medicine: The Effective Components of Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Cancers and Associated Complications

Background: Plants have been providing us medicines and food material for centuries. Traditional system of medicine, including Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese medicines have been playing important role in health sectors for the treatment of human disorders since very early age. Plant secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, and tannins have significant therapeutic potential in medicine. Biflavonoids are dimers of flavonoids, linked by a C–O–C or C–C bond. Hinokiflavone is an important class of biflavonoids found to be present in Toxicodendron succedaneum, Isophysis tasmanica, Juniperus rigida, Juniperus phoenicea, Platycladi cacumen, Rhus succedanea, Selaginella tamariscina, Platycladus orientalis, Selaginella bryopteris, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Methods: Biological potential of hinokiflavone in medicine have been analyzed in the present work through scientific data analysis of various literature work. Scientific database, including Google, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed were searched to collect all the scientific information of the present work using terms flavonoid, biflavonoid, herbal medicine, and hinokiflavone. Pharmacological activities of hinokiflavone were analyzed in the present work in very detailed manner. Analytical data of hinokiflavone were collected and analyzed in present work in order to know the biological source of hinokiflavone. Results: Present work signified the biological importance of hinokiflavone against various types of cancerous disorders, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cancer, adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, myeloid leukemia, and melanoma. Further, its antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-viral, and anti-oxidant potential were also discussed in the present work. Moreover, its biological potential against COVID-19 and hair loss, and procoagulant activity were also summarized in this paper. Analytical data on hinokiflavone signified the importance of various analytical techniques in the extraction, separation, and identification of hinokiflavone with their pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion: Present work signified the biological importance and therapeutic potential of hinokiflavone in medicine.

Synergistic Effect of Naringin and Glimepiride in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.

Objective Evaluation of the synergistic effect of Naringin and Glimepiride in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were chosen and divided into five groups (n=6). STZ was used for the induction of diabetes. The combination of naringin and glimepiride was administered to diabetic rats. The changes in fasting blood sugar, body weight, Hb, HbA1c, and creatinine were evaluated, and urine was collected and the volume was observed. The lipid profiles like TC, HDL, LDL, and TG were measured. The biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, and ALP were analysed. Besides, endogenous antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and catalase were also assessed. Lastly, the histopathological study of the beta cells in islets of the pancreas, glomerulus, and tubules of kidney and liver cells was conducted in all groups. Results The result shows significant reduction (p<0.001) of blood sugar in the naringin and glimepiride-treated group when compared with the control group (diabetes). Additionally, the combination of Naringin (100 mg/kg) and Glimepiride (0.1 mg/kg) significantly restores the creatinine levels and urine volumes, SGOT, SGPT, and ALP when compared to a single dose of administration. Further, the abnormal lipid profile levels (TC, LDL, TG, and HDL), and endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, catalase) in diabetic control rats were restored to normal levels in a significant manner. The histopathological result reveals significant alterations, including hypertrophy of islets and mild degeneration, renal necrosis, and inflammation of hepatocytes. Conclusion A synergistic effect of Naringin and glimepiride was observed during the estimation of various biochemical parameters like body weight, fasting blood sugar, creatinine, urine level, TG, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Insulin, HbA1C, antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and catalase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, the combination of therapy improves the protective effect of the pancreas, kidney, and liver, suggesting a potential antidiabetic effect.